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NEWS

“Important Updates to Canada’s International Student Program for 2025 and Beyond”

As of 2024, the Canadian government has been taking significant measures to strengthen the integrity of its international student program. In response to increasing concerns about the sustainability and transparency of the system, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) implemented a temporary cap on study permits earlier this year. This cap aims to regulate foreign enrollment numbers, ensuring that international students have access to quality facilities during their studies.  On September 18, 2024, Canada’s Immigration Minister, Marc Miller, announced additional changes that will greatly affect prospective international students planning to study in Canada.  Discover if You Are Eligible for Canadian Immigration Key Changes Affecting International Students in 2025 and Beyond  New Study Permit Cap for 2025-2026 with a 10% Reduction In 2025 and 2026, the Canadian government will impose a further cap on the number of study permits issued. In 2024, around 485,000 study permits were granted, but the new annual target will be 437,000, marking a 10% reduction compared to 2024. Importantly, this cap will now include both Master’s and PhD students. International students aspiring to pursue these degrees will be required to submit a Provincial Attestation Letter (PAL) with their study permit applications. This measure aims to align enrollment figures with the country’s capacity to support international students while upholding educational standards.  Changes to Post-Graduation Work Permits (PGWP) There will be notable adjustments to PGWP eligibility. Currently, international students can qualify for a PGWP of up to three years. However, upcoming changes will alter the criteria for public college graduates. Only those graduates from public college programs whose studies are aligned with areas experiencing significant labor market demand will be eligible for the full three-year PGWP. Fortunately, the duration for university graduates will remain unchanged.  New Language Proficiency Requirements for PGWP To enhance employability and facilitate pathways to permanent residency, Canada will introduce mandatory language proficiency requirements for the PGWP program. Later this year, all PGWP applicants will need to demonstrate a minimum level of proficiency in English or French. University graduates must achieve a Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) score of 7, while college graduates will need a CLB score of 5 to qualify for a post raduation work permit. These changes are designed to better equip international graduates for integration into the Canadian job market.  Revised Work Permit Rules for Spouses of Master’s Students A significant update relates to work permits for the spouses of international students. Under the new regulations, spouses of students pursuing a Master’s degree in Canada will only qualify for an open work permit if the student’s program lasts a minimum of 16 months.  These recent updates from the IRCC aim to refine the rules and eligibility for international students, ensuring they achieve academic success and are well-prepared for life in Canada after graduation.  For international recruiters, it’s essential to keep students informed about these changes to ensure they are adequately prepared for the 2025 intake and beyond. Let’s collaborate to help students secure brighter futures worldwide!  Discover if You Are Eligible for Canadian Immigration

NEWS

IRCC reveals the programs that qualify for PGWPs

IRCC has provided updated information on which educational programs now qualify for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP).  As of new guidelines released in September, certain international graduates across various study levels who apply for a PGWP after November 1 will be required to meet additional criteria based on their field of study to qualify for the work permit*.  *Note: These field of study requirements do not apply to graduates with a bachelor’s, master’s, or PhD from a university.  Discover your options to study in Canada What are the fields of study eligible for PGWPs?  The eligible fields of study for PGWP align with occupational categories introduced by IRCC in 2023 under the Express Entry system, which are designed to reflect national labor market demands.  The eligible fields include:  Agriculture and Agri-food  Healthcare  Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)  Trades  Transportation  PGWP-eligible programs within these fields are classified and listed using the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), which is Canada’s system for categorizing educational programs, similar to the National Occupational Classification (NOC) used for jobs in Canada.  The table below lists examples of instructional programs eligible for a PGWP in each field of study, along with their corresponding CIP codes:  CIP 2021 Title CIP 2021 Code Field of Study Category Agricultural business and management, general 01.0101 Agriculture and agri-food Animal/livestock husbandry and production 01.0302 Agriculture and agri-food Plant nursery operations and management 01.0606 Agriculture and agri-food Animal health 01.0903 Agriculture and agri-food Agronomy and crop science 01.1102 Agriculture and agri-food Special education and teaching, general 13.1001 Healthcare Exercise physiology 26.0908 Healthcare Physical therapy assistant 51.0806 Healthcare Polysomnography 51.0917 Healthcare Cytotechnology/cytotechnologist 51.1002 Healthcare Computer programming/programmer, general 11.0201 STEM Chemical engineering 14.0701 STEM Engineering mechanics 14.1101 STEM Water, wetlands and marine resources management 03.0205 STEM Computer graphics 11.0803 STEM Electrician 46.0302 Trade Heating, air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration maintenance technology/technician 47.0201 Trade Machine tool technology/machinist 48.0501 Trade Insulator 46.0414 Trade Plumbing technology/plumber 46.0503 Trade Heavy equipment maintenance technology/technician 47.0302 Transport Air traffic controller 49.0105 Transport Truck and bus driver/commercial vehicle operator and instructor 49.0205 Transport Flight instructor 49.0108 Transport Transportation and materials moving, other 49.9999 Transport How to find your CIP code  International graduates who know the title of their program and wish to find the corresponding CIP code can follow these steps:  Visit the Statistics Canada webpage for the 2021 CIP system (accessible here).  Either enter keywords related to the program in the search bar above the table or browse the available study fields listed in the table.  Both methods will lead to a second table that breaks down the sub-categories for each study field.  Choose the relevant sub-category for your program. If uncertain, use the “display definitions” button to learn more about each category.  Proceed to the relevant sub-category.  On the final table, you will find detailed information about specific instructional programs within the chosen sub-category. If you are unsure, use the “display definitions” function to read more about each program.  Select the relevant program.  The last page will offer detailed information about each instructional program, including examples and exclusions. Note that program titles are general, so the descriptions are crucial for choosing the correct CIP code.  New language requirements for PGWP applicants  In addition to the new field of study conditions, IRCC has introduced language proficiency requirements for PGWP eligibility. These language criteria vary based on the level of education of international graduates. Both changes are summarized in the table below.  Level of Study Language Requirement Field of Study Requirement University bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree CLB 7 in English or NCLC 7 in French in all 4 language areas All fields of study are eligible Any other university program CLB 7 in English or NCLC 7 in French in all 4 language areas Must graduate in an eligible field of study College program or any other program not listed above CLB 5 in English or NCLC 5 in French in all 4 language areas Must graduate in an eligible field of study *Students applying for a PGWP before November 1 of this year do not have field of study requirements but will still need to meet the language criteria listed above. Discover your options to study in Canada

NEWS

Ontario, British Columbia, and Manitoba are inviting candidates to submit applications for provincial nominations 

Three Canadian provinces have extended invitations to candidates this week to apply for their respective Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs).  The PNP, established in 1998, aims to distribute the benefits of immigration more evenly across Canada by sharing immigration responsibilities between the federal government and provincial or territorial governments.  Today, the PNP is a key pathway for skilled workers to immigrate to Canada.  Discover your options to study in Canada Although a provincial nomination doesn’t automatically result in permanent residency (PR), it significantly boosts a candidate’s application. Those in the Express Entry pool who receive a provincial nomination are awarded an extra 600 Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points, almost ensuring they will receive an invitation to apply (ITA) in a future Express Entry draw.  Provincial Immigration Results: October 5-11 Ontario  On October 8, the Ontario Immigrant Nominee Program (OINP) sent out invitations to candidates eligible for the Employer Job Offer: Foreign Worker Stream.  A total of 885 invitations were issued to individuals in skilled trades, with a minimum score requirement of 48.  Additionally, the province invited 841 candidates in a targeted draw under the same stream for priority occupations. To qualify for an invitation, candidates needed a minimum score of 52 and a job offer in a priority occupation. The list of priority occupations, categorized by NOC code, can be found here.  British Columbia  Also on October 8, the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BCPNP) invited over 173 candidates through the Skilled Worker and International Graduate streams.  The minimum cut-off varied according to industry. The breakdown can be seen below:  Draw type Minimum score Number of invitations Childcare 83 44 Construction 89 25 Healthcare 99 21 Tech 116 83 Veterinary care 80 <5 Manitoba  On October 10, the Manitoba Provincial Nominee Program (MPNP) held three separate draws.  The first draw, part of an occupation-specific selection under the Skilled Worker in Manitoba stream, issued 82 invitations to individuals who completed post-secondary education in Manitoba, with a minimum score requirement of 845 points.  On the same day, 114 candidates were invited through the International Education stream.  Lastly, the MPNP held a draw under the Skilled Worker Overseas stream, inviting 38 individuals with a minimum score of 711. Candidates had to be invited by the MPNP under a “Strategic Recruitment Initiative” to be eligible for this draw.  Discover your options to study in Canada

NEWS

“Ontario, BC, Manitoba, & Saskatchewan: New Provincial Nominations Announced!”

Canada has long been a popular study destination for international students due to its well-regarded universities, multicultural population, and availability of international work experience. An applicant’s chances of obtaining permanent residence (PR) in Canada may also be increased by obtaining a Canadian education and qualifying job experience. This is due to the fact that overseas students who complete their studies at a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) are eligible for more points under Canada’s Express Entry system, which increases their pooling power. Discover your options to study in Canada However, obtaining an education in Canada does not ensure that one will be granted permanent residence. Although there are various options for graduates to work and settle in Canada, these options depend on a number of variables, such as the candidate’s vocation, abilities, and qualifications. Canada has also been making adjustments to its immigration laws in recent months to better align them with the demands of its labor market. The transfer from a study visa to permanent residency may be more difficult as a result of this and the growingly competitive pool of eligible applicants. Here are some tips to help overseas students earn as many points as possible if they hope to live in Canada in the future. Stay up to date with changing immigration policy Immigration policies in Canada are subject to change depending on the country’s economic needs. For an international student planning on applying for permanent status in the future, it can help to remain informed of eligibility criteria for different programs. For example, earlier this year the government announced that international students who have enrolled in a study program with a curriculum licensing agreement will no longer be eligible for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) upon graduation. This is a style of study program offered by a private college that has been licensed to deliver the curriculum of an associated public college. These programs often have less oversight than those delivered by public colleges. Students who intend to use their PGWP to gain work experience in Canada should find out which academic programs qualify for PGWP after graduation. Select careers that are in demand. Canada introduced category-specific Express Entry lotteries in 2023 with the goal of highlighting in-demand professions and skills. Among these are the following professions: Medical Care STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and math. Exchange Move around Agri-food and agriculture If a certain professional route piques the interest of the students, they can seek qualifications in one of the category-based draws. For example, a student can pursue a career in STEM such as architecture, engineering, data science, or web development to increase their chances at the Express Entry draw. However, these categories are subject to change though and do not guarantee permanent residency. Research Provincial Nominee Programs Every province and territory, with the exception of Quebec and Nunavut, operates Provincial Nominee Programs to attract skilled workers to the province. An overseas student may also check if they are eligible for a province nomination if they believe their Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score is insufficient and/or they are not eligible for a category-based draw. There are two ways to immigrate under a PNP: the first is through Express Entry, where qualifying individuals can apply for PR under Express Entry by receiving an extra 600 CRS points from the province (a procedure called as enhanced nomination). Directly via a PNP stream is an additional path (base nomination) Students can choose from more than 80 different province economic stream programs, which makes this an excellent chance for individuals wishing to work and study their way into permanent residence in Canada. That said, PNP criteria may change depending on the province’s economic priorities. Improve both language abilities Canada has two official languages – English and French – and being bilingual has many benefits in the PR process. One way for an international student to increase their CRS score is to maximize the number of points they can receive in their primary language. They can do this by retaking language tests like IELTS or CELPIP (for English) if they don’t hit the highest score the first time. Learning a second language also adds valuable points to a candidate’s CRS score which can help them get an Invitation to Apply (ITA). Apart from that, Canada also launched French language proficiency category-based draws, and there has been a huge focus on these draws in 2024—a trend that is expected to continue in 2025 and 2026. To be eligible, candidates must possess a minimum score of 7 in all four language abilities (reading, writing, speaking and listening) on the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadien (NCLC). Validate all degrees Canada’s Express Entry system awards points for education. If a student has more than one degree, but it is done outside Canada, they could get this validated by one of the designated organizations approved by the Canadian government (like WES). International students can also look at enrolling in an eligible degree or program within the country to improve their prospects. Discover your options to study in Canada

NEWS

In Canada, how many hours can an international student work?

International students in Canada will be able to work off-campus up to 24 hours a week starting this autumn, up from the existing cap of 20 hours. Minister of Immigration Marc Miller made the announcement of the adjustment in April, saying the new 24-hour cap “strikes the appropriate balance so students have the option to work without compromising academic outcomes.” The new rule is anticipated to go into effect at some point this month, while the precise date of implementation is still pending. International students may work off-campus during the academic year for up to 20 hours per week till then. Discover your options to study in Canada During scheduled breaks, such as summer or winter holidays, there is no limit on the number of hours students can work. Off-campus work includes areas outside the educational institution and its campus, including self-employment roles like Uber or DoorDash deliveries. Not abiding by the rules could have consequences including losing a student status, not being approved for a study or work permit in the future and even having to leave the country. Note: Until the new hourly cap is officially announced, the 20-hour limit to off-campus work remains in place.   Work Conditions Number of hours of work per week typically allowed On campus Unlimited Off campus, while classes are in session (currently) 20 Off campus, while classes are in session (starting this fall) 24 Off campus, during school breaks Unlimited Remote for an employer outside Canada Unlimited   Who is allowed to work as an international student in Canada?  Students are only allowed to work on-campus or off-campus while studying if their study permit states this information. To get an off-campus job without a work permit, international students need to meet the following eligibility requirements. Have a valid study permit;  Study full-time at a designated learning institution (DLI);  Already have started studying at their DLI and remain in satisfactory academic standing;  Be studying in an academic, vocational, or professional training program that is at least six months in duration and leads to a degree, diploma, or certificate; and  Have a valid Social Insurance Number (SIN).  They have to be a full-time student before and after a break to work full-time during the break. For example, students can’t start work before they start their first school semester.  Part-time students at DLIs can work off-campus if they’re in their final semester, need a reduced course load to finish, and were a full-time student in previous semesters.  Likewise, there are some international students who are not eligible for off-campus in Canada. This includes:  Students only enrolled in an English or French as a second language program;  Those only taking general interest courses;  Those taking courses to be accepted to a full-time program; and  Those don’t meet requirements to work off-campus.  If one of the above applies, they will need a work permit to work while studying in Canada.  Working on-campus as an international student in Canada For international students in Canada, finding a part-time job may be a good way to gain international experience while also covering some basic expenses.  International students in Canada can work on-campus in addition to off-campus employment, provided they meet the necessary eligibility criteria. Unlike off-campus work, there is no limit to the number of hours students can work on-campus.  On-campus work refers to employment within the buildings or grounds of a school’s campus. This includes jobs with the school itself, faculty members, student organizations, or private businesses that operate on campus. Students can even work for themselves if they own a business that is physically located on-campus.  If a school has multiple campuses, students are generally expected to work at the campus where they are enrolled. However, exceptions are possible, such as when a student is a research or teaching assistant, or when the work is tied to a research grant. Students may also work at libraries or research facilities affiliated with the school but located outside the main campus.  Additionally, students can work unlimited hours remotely for an employer based outside Canada, as long as they comply with the conditions of their study permit. This remote work does not count towards the  off-campus work hour limit.  Earning as an international student in Canada  For those looking for a part-time job, minimum wage varies by province:   Province Minimum Wage Effective Date Alberta $15.00 26 June 2019 British Columbia $17.40 1 June 2024 Manitoba $15.30 1 October 2023 New Brunswick $15.30 1 April 2024 Newfoundland and Labrador $15.60 1 April 2024 Northwest Territories $16.05 1 September 2023 Nova Scotia $15.20 1 April 2024 Nunavut $19.00 1 January 2024 Ontario $16.55 1 October 2023 Ontario $17.20 1 October 2024 Prince Edward Island $15.40 1 April 2024 Prince Edward Island $16.00 1 October 2024 Quebec $15.75 1 May 2024 Saskatchewan $14.00 1 October 2023 Saskatchewan $15.00 1 October 2024 Yukon $17.59 1 April 2024   International students looking to maximize earnings through their part-time work can also look for higher-paying jobs, such as those in administration, teaching, or translating.    Certain occupations may have restrictions for study permit holders, and will be stated on the study permit. As residents of Canada for tax purposes, students will have to file income tax returns the following year.   Changes to international students’ working hours cap in recent years  International students in Canada have traditionally been allowed to work up to 20 hours a week in Canada during regular school terms or semesters. During the pandemic, the government announced a temporary policy allowing students to work more than 20 hours per week, up to a maximum of 40 hours. The policy was put in place to ease the country’s labour shortage while also giving students the chance to earn more money.   On April 30, 2024, the IRCC announced that this interim provision would not be continued in order “to ensure system integrity while protecting students from fraud and financial vulnerability.” Miller argues that in order for pupils to focus their education, adjustments have been implemented. “Students should

NEWS

New regulations in British Columbia will restrict the number of overseas students admitted.

New steps to strengthen the integrity of the province’s program for overseas students were recently released by British Columbia’s Ministry of Post-Secondary Education and Future Skills. According to a Ministry announcement, the province’s recognized learning institutions will now have more safeguards and requirements. The Education Quality Assurance (EQA) code of practice is one of these safeguards. Under the EQA, there are three main goals. First and foremost, the goal of British Columbia’s Designated Learning Institutions (DLIs) is to “limit international student enrolment to 30% of an institution’s total enrolment.” Discover your options to study in Canada Only the public DLIs in the province will be subject to this limit. There is no effect on private DLIs. Many of British Columbia’s 25 public post-secondary educational institutions already have enrollment rates below that of international students, according to a Ministry representative who sent an email to CIC News. The Ministry did not respond to a question about whether the 30% cap on international student enrollment was in addition to the province’s current cap on foreign enrollment, which is determined by the number of Provincial Attestation Letters (PALs) that British Columbia will issue this year. However, the Ministry did state that the distribution of attestation letters was predicated on promoting and supporting international student programs at public DLIs. The Ministry’s personnel will collaborate with the institutions to give them enough time to modify their student recruitment strategies in order to reach the goal and handle any associated financial consequences, they added. According to the Ministry, educational institutions will discuss their threshold-meeting methods by referring to their international education strategic plans, which are specified in the new rules. A total of 83,000 PALs were allotted to British Columbia for 2024. These letters attest to a student’s acceptance to a DLI within a specific jurisdiction. Following the announcement of a cap on the number of study permits the department will handle over the next two years, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) established a new stage in the application process for a study visa in Canada. The number of PALs a province is allocated is based on population. British Columbia is Canada’s third most populated province after Ontario and Quebec. How provinces then distribute letters among DLIs is up to provincial governments. In B.C., 53% of PALs will be issued to public post-secondary institutions in 2024 and 47% will go to private institutions. Fees that are transparent for international students According to B.C., DLIs in the region will likewise be required to display the cost of tuition for each student for the duration of their studies. This will assist new students prepare their budget for living in Canada by enabling them to know how much their complete education will cost before they start. The Canadian economy benefits greatly from the presence of overseas students. Global Affairs Canada revealed in a recent research that the amount spent on overseas students in 2022 exceeded $37 billion. Additionally, according to Statistics Canada, the average tuition paid by overseas undergraduate students in the 2023–2024 academic year was $38,081. Presently, 111,900 foreign students are enrolled in public universities in British Columbia. Meeting standards As part of the EQA, the province will also require that institutions “meet or exceed the institutional quality assurance standards set by the province and is required for all public and private institutions enrolling international students.” These standards include the “development of international education strategic plans, improved student services, housing supports, and standards to ensure Indigenous and domestic students are not displaced.” Meeting these standards builds on the International Framework Measures the province introduced last January. These measures included pausing the growth of the number of DLIs in the province, increasing oversight of private institutions and strengthening and publishing compliance and enforcement actions. The province considers the new measures as Phase 2. DLIs that follow the code will receive an EQA designation. Those that do not meet the EQA code of practice will lose their EQA designation, making them unable to accept international students. Discover your options to study in Canada

NEWS

From employment to education: How Americans might start their Canadian adventure

Online research indicates that Americans and those living in the United States may be considering immigration to Canada as another election cycle approaches in the United States (U.S.). Every year, a small but significant number of Americans immigrate to Canada, many of them being motivated by political upheavals in their native country. Thus, how can Americans and those living in the United States be ready for and travel to Canada? The following resource, created by CIC News, provides answers to many of the most pertinent queries. Discover if You Are Eligible for Canadian Immigration What is the easiest way to move to Canada from the United States? There are a number of ways that citizens of the United States can move to Canada. These can broadly be broken down into: temporary resident pathways; and permanent resident/citizenship pathways. Temporary resident pathways are usually tied to a sing purpose, function, or task that an individual has come to Canada for (i.e.: study permit, work permit, tourist visa, etc.). These pathways allow Americans to live and work and/or study in Canada for a temporary period. Permanent resident pathways on the other hand allow Americans to become permanent residents of Canada, essentially giving them the ability to live and settle in Canada as they wish, while retaining their American citizenship. These pathways are sometimes (but not always) an option only after eligibility is built through a temporary resident pathway. Lastly pathways to citizenship allow Americans to become Canadian citizens as well. American nationals can be dual citizens of both the United States and Canada simultaneously and need not give up one citizenship to attain the other. What are common temporary resident pathways to Canada? This question can be more specifically broken down by the kind of temporary resident status one might pursue: student and worker. How can Americans move to Canada to study? Each year, approximately 15,000 U.S. citizens choose to study in Canada, attracted by the high-quality education system and diverse cultural experiences. Canada boasts over 1,500 universities and colleges. Once accepted by a Designated Learning Institution (DLI), Americans can apply for a study permit. This process involves submitting an acceptance letter, proof of sufficient funds to cover tuition and living expenses, and a provincial attestation letter (PAL), which confirms that the student’s acceptance to an educational institution is recognized by the provincial or territorial government. Eligible international students in Canada can work up to 20 hours a week during the academic year and an unlimited number of hours during scheduled breaks (such as summer or winter vacation), helping to supplement their income and gain valuable work experience. After graduating from an eligible Canadian institution, students can apply for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP), which allows them to gain Canadian work experience for up to three years (depending on the length of their academic program). This experience can significantly enhance their chances of obtaining permanent residency through dedicated pathways for international graduates of Canadian schools, such as the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) under the Express Entry system. How can Americans come to Canada to work? Americans looking to work in Canada have several options available to them, each catering to different circumstances and types of employment. A Canadian work permit is an essential to work legally in Canada on a temporary basis. Work permits can broadly be broken down into two main types: open work permits and LMIA-based (closed) work permits. LMIA-Based Work Permits: Often, to hire a foreign worker, an employer must secure a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), which serves as evidence that hiring the foreign worker will have a neutral or positive impact on the local labor market. Once the LMIA is obtained, applicants can apply for a temporary work permit from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), usually under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). Some occupations may qualify for expedited processing under specific programs, streamlining the hiring process for certain high-demand roles. Open Work Permits: Many work permit holders in Canada do not require an LMIA. Open work permits allow individuals to work for any employer in Canada, with some exceptions. These permits are typically issued under initiatives that fit under the International Mobility Program such as the International Experience Canada (IEC) program (which includes the Working Holiday work permit) or as the Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) for graduates of Canadian educational institutions. Americans in particular have a few work permit options open to them: Global Talent Stream: This federal program, part of Canada’s Global Skills Strategy, allows Canadian employers in high-growth and IT sectors to quickly hire skilled foreign workers when no Canadians are available. The process includes completing an LMIA and meeting specific requirements, such as salary commitments. Work permit applications under the Global Talent Stream are typically processed in one month or less. Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): Formerly known as NAFTA, CUSMA facilitates a streamlined process for U.S. citizens applying for temporary work permits in Canada. Work permits under CUSMA generally do not require an LMIA. U.S. citizens can work in Canada under CUSMA as professionals, intra-company transferees, traders, or investors. Professionals must be qualified in one of over 60 targeted professions. Intra-company transferees must have been employed continuously for their U.S. employer for at least one of the last three years in a managerial, executive, or specialized knowledge role. Traders and investors must demonstrate substantial trade between Canada and the U.S. or significant investment in a Canadian business. Intra-Company Transfer: Given the strong trade relationship between the U.S. and Canada, many American businesses have branches, affiliates, or subsidiaries in Canada. The Intra-Company Transfer Program allows these businesses to bring key employees to Canada without needing an LMIA. Eligible employees, typically in executive, managerial, or specialized knowledge roles, can come to Canada with their families. Working without a Work Permit: Some U.S. citizens can perform work in Canada without a temporary work permit. This includes business visitors who engage in trade activities but do not enter the Canadian labor market. Working Holidays (International Experience Canada): Under the International Experience Canada (IEC) program, U.S. citizens aged 18 to 35 can obtain an open work permit for 12 months. This program is designed for young people, including recent full-time

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